Improvised explosively formed projectile typical of devices deployed in iraq formation of the projectile the heat and shock wave from the detonation of the explosive projects the steel copper. He primary warhead used for armorpiercing projectile is the shaped charge. Pdf numerical and experimental study on the formation and. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively. Experimental study of bilinear initiating system based on hard. Detonation of a high explosive he material in air results in an omnidirectional blast wave.
Combine gray relation analysis with simulation of different ways of initiation and different cavity liner. The law that the formation parameters of mefp such as velocity, lengthdiameter ratio and radial dispersion angle,influenced by the density and ductility of. An explosive formed projectile is a thick, slightlycurved metal disk copper, brass, aluminum or steel, pressfitted into a thick steel collar, backed by a high explosive propelling charge and a detonator. Scientists use design models and shock physics codes to predict terminal shape of projectiles. We provide coaching in nda national defence academy, ssb interview service selection board, cds combined defence services, afct air force common admission test, pabt pilot aptitude battery test, and ta territorial army with campus located in chandigarh. Explosively formed projectile efp wide angle cones and other liner shapes such as plates or dishes do not jet, but give instead an explosively formed projectile or efp. Modelling the formation of explosively formed projectiles efp. Cluster explosivelyformed penetrator warheads download pdf.
Formation mechanism of linear explosive formed penetrator by. If you know the conditions yo, vox, voy at t 0, then these equations tell you the position xt, yt of the projectile for all future time t 0. Shock waves from the detonation of an highexplosive he can be used to deform and warp a liner of ductile metal, forming explosively formed projectiles efp, also known as selfforging fragments sff. This paper addresses the impact performance of explosively formed projectile efp formed by shaped charge sc on the concrete targets. This research is intended to expand the available data on explosively formed projectile impacts and determine which, if any, of the existing equations can be used or slightly modified to predict penetration depths. Multiple explosively formed penetrator listed as mefp. Multiple explosively formed penetrator mefp warhead. Efp has excellent stability for large standoff distance.
The effect of explosive material on the formation of explosively. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively at standoff distances. West point cadets create bionic foot rockets that are fired on us and on the iraqis that are made in iran as recently as 2008. Multiple explosively formed penetrator test in slow motion. According to the forms and armorpiercing approaches, there are two types of warhead. Explosive forming is a metalworking technique in which an explosive charge is used instead of a punch or press. An armourpiercing projectile has been found by a busy west belfast roadside during a threeday security alert. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armour effectively at standoff distances.
If one thinks of the hammer blow of an oldtime, brawnyshouldered blacksmith on a glowing piece of iron, one gets a mental image of explosive forming, rather than of a fine machinist using a precise machine to turn screw threads on a part of a gun. Segmented kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator assembly abstract a segmented, kinetic energy projectile is formed by stacking several liners in a single warhead, for effectively producing a longer penetrator capable of greatly enhancing penetration. Explosively formed projectiles efps explosively formed projectiles are often referred to as shaped charges, although this can be confusing to the technically uninitiated, because efps do not perform like the majority of more traditional highexplosive antitank heat shaped charges. Armatec provides lightweight efp shields designed to stop explosively formed projectiles, and deliver enhanced protection to the vehicle and crew.
Bomb attacks killed nine american troops yesterday, north of baghdad. Multiple explosively formed penetrator how is multiple explosively formed penetrator abbreviated. Actual forces drag, lift due to spin, weight, wind. Investigation on interaction of explosively formed. The projectile forms by dynamic plastic flow and has a velocity of kmsl. Lsdyna theoretical manual, livermore software technology corporation. Segmented kinetic energy explosively formed penetrator. Impact performance of explosively formed projectile efp. Results of hole diameter d 2 it is obvious from figure 6 that, for different charge diameters, with the increase of standoffs, the variation trend of hole diameter which caused by efp with steel liner or. King lost his foot in iraq to an explosively formed projectile, a weapon that can go through armored trucks. The disk is concave, dished inward from the edges to the center. Influence of liner material on formation of multiple. There are signs that explosively formed penetrators a type of improved weapon known as a superbomb for its ability to pierce armored vehicles are spreading further in afghanistan. A new breed of weapons employed by insurgents in iraq is causing heavy casualties to u.
A new dissident group has claimed responsibility for the explosively formed. The law of influenced material of liner is researched by numerical simulation. A smart bullet capable of inflight maneuvers generated by the selective extension of a spoiler from a despun control section of the bullet into the stream of air passing the bullet. The projectile motion equations these equations tell you everything about the motion of a projectile neglecting air resistance. Analytical and numerical method of c velocity fields for. Impact effects of explosively formed projectiles on normal. Dispersion patterns of multiple explosively formed penetrators. Weight drag force, velocity v w mg lift force due to spin a function of v2 2. A micro gyro located in the control section provides a rotation signal used in the control of a motor rotatably attached between the control section and a spinning section of the bullet. Introduction nowadays, the efp warheads are present in many systems that expect appropriate modernization andor optimization. Velocity of efp changes quickly with the change of efp shape. Numerical results had successfully described the formation process and. It is this plate that is formed into the projectile when hit by the. Request pdf modelling the formation of explosively formed projectiles efp.
These compact projectiles can reach velocities in excess of ms, with the consequent kinetic energy. Subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile which is a kind of easydeformable and soft projectile, ballistic performance of a 40mm thickness steel target has. Investigation on interaction of explosively formed projectile with multilayer medium targets 3. Analytical performance study of explosively formed projectiles. Explosively formed projectiles efps are far more lethal than more traditional improvised explosive devices ieds said u. At shallow angles, we produce an explosively formed projectile. Explosively formed projectile softrecovery force analysis laurin bookout a 1, phillip mulligan b, jason bairdd b a applied research associates, 2760 eisenhower ave. Us30491a us6898a us689857a us30491a us 30491 a us30491 a us 30491a us 6898 a us6898 a us 6898a us 689857 a us689857 a us 689857a us 30491 a us30491 a us 30491a authority us united states prior art keywords charge block recesses explosive charges prior art date 19571014 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not. Formation of explosively formed penetrator with fins and. Armourpiercing projectile found by busy west belfast.
As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. Numerical and experimental study on the formation and dispersion. Multiple explosively formed projectiles mefp forming process is numerically simulated with different liner material,such as copper, aluminum, iron and so on. An object that is projected or thrown, which has no capacity for selfpropulsion. This might combine well with a high velocity pellet gun barrage, each. The effects select physical parameters have on an explosively formed projectiles performance by phillip russell mulligan a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the missouri university of science and technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in explosives engineering 2011. The effect of explosive material on the formation of explosively formed penetrator. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge. As one of the toughest projectiles to defeat, efps act as a serious threat to force survivability.
Explosively formed projectile softrecovery force analysis. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of. Nca is estd in 1967 and is one of the best coaching institutes in india. Pdf formation of explosively formed penetrator with fins. Penetration evaluation of explosively formed projectiles.
Explosively formed penetrator efp and fragmenting warhead us patent 6619210. Explosively formed projectiles are taking heavy toll in iraq. Explosively formed projectile device authorstream presentation. Each individual liner forms a separate penetrator, so that the liners are. Used subprojectiles are packaged as the metal liners, joining with explosive. Explosively formed projectile efp protection module. Multiple explosively formed penetrator mefp warhead technologies have a very. Explosively formed projectile with tantalum penetrator and armco iron stabilization base, in 18th int.
Hydrocode simulations are carried out using ansys autodyn version 11. Explosively formed projectile how is explosively formed. The main objective of an explosively formed projectile designed for underwater applications is. Afrls munitions directorate, assessment and demonstration division, computational mechanics branch, eglin afb fl.
It is very important to research the velocity and morphology change of efp in their movements to improve its performance. Explosively formed projectile how is explosively formed projectile abbreviated. Us8434411b2 cluster explosivelyformed penetrator warheads. Pdf the ultimate goal of weapon system employing an explosively formed penetrator efp is to defeat a target at the longest standoff. Multiple explosively formed penetrator how is multiple. In order to do this, an efp must be aerodynamically stable so as to strike the target at a small angle of obliquity, and the decay velocity per meter of efp must be smaller at extended standoff. Explosively formed penetrators efp with canted fins. Explosively formed projectiles efp have been used to defeat armored vehicles for more than 30 years. The experimental studies of explosively formed projectile with star shaped tail. The ultimate goal of weapon system employing an explosively formed penetrator efp is to defeat a target at the longest standoff. Consider that is an mefp, meaning it tends to launch a large number of smaller projectiles as opposed to a single powerful slug which makes sense when you are targeting more lightly armored vehicles. To be even more precise, explosively formed projectiles efp are weapons of war that, before hitting their target, use high explosives to alter.
In order to research the effect of explosive material on the formation of efp, this. Projectile notes missouri university of science and. Any time of the day sometimes at night arterial routes the triggerman needs to see his target coming so he can arm the efp urban streets are less suitable for attack placement may be interrupted and higher risk of collateral overt military and security. Pdf analytical performance study of explosively formed. Improvised explosively formed projectile typical of devices deployed in iraq device construction constructed from 6 to 9 inch diameter steel pipe, one end of which is sealed with a welded. Linear explosively formed penetrator lefp is an optimal combination of linear cutting sword and. A linear explosively formed penetrator lefp, a counterpart to a linear shaped charge, is capable of projecting a massive wide metal blade instead of a narrow jet or compact slug. In order to determine undeformed measurements for the explosively formed projectiles, five projectiles were recovered using a soft. Generally, the formed penetrators can be classified into jet slim jet with obvious velocity gradient, jetting projectile charge jpc, rodlike jet with small velocity gradient and explosively formed projectile efp, projectilelike metal fragment with negligible velocity gradient. Interesting series of infographics about just what is an improvised efp. Improvised explosive devices ieds small arms survey. It can be used on materials for which a press setup would be prohibitively large or require an unreasonably high pressure, and is generally much cheaper than building a large enough and sufficiently highpressure press.
In this paper, theory of the exploding forming effects of. Lefp forming mechanisms of linear shaped charge initiated from the midpoint were studied. The weapon is filled with high explosive and an inwardly dished steel or copper plate is fitted to the front of the weapon. The design and analysis for shaped charge liner using. Explosively formed projectile encyclopedia article. Make sure you understand the projectile motion equations. Modelling the formation of explosively formed projectiles. Det developed and built such a device for rapidly cutting through metal hedgehog obstacles, as might be encountered on a beach protected from amphibious assault. Explosively formed projectile efp is a new branch of the shaped charge technology. It is developed as an antisolid target technology in recent decades.
The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to efp explosively formed projectile. Study on explosively formed projectiles test system. Prior art the explosively formed penetrator efp warhead also known as explosively formed projectile, self forging fragment, misznayschardin charge, and the pcharge employs the method of explosively forming a metal liner into a single compact fragment and. General learning utcome connection students will recognize that characteristics of materials and systems can remain.
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